Paresthesias

The medical term paresthesias refers to a pins and needles or burning sensation that typically occurs in the hands and feet. This symptom is common in people with a B12 deficiency. However, paresthesias is also a common symptom of nerve damage caused by high blood sugar in people with diabetes — this is called diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Therefore, numbness and pain in the extremities from vitamin B12 deficiency can be mistaken for peripheral neuropathy in people with diabetes. Also, people with diabetes who take a medication called metformin are at a higher risk of developing B12 deficiency because this medication can reduce B12 absorption. If you take metformin regularly, talk to your health professionals about getting screened for vitamin B12 deficiency.

Depression

Vitamin B12 is necessary for the proper functioning of the brain. A deficiency of this vitamin can impact mental health. Studies show that B12 deficiency is linked to an increased risk of developing depressive symptoms, mood disorders, and psychosis. One theory is that mental health problems are caused by high homocysteine levels (vitamin B12 is needed to break down this chemical).

Mental Impairment

Low B12 levels can worsen mental function, especially in older adults. This can manifest as brain fog, difficulty concentrating, and difficulty completing tasks.